公共数据开放政策的就业效应研究

郝楠，张昕怡

（安徽大学 经济学院，安徽 合肥 230601）

摘要：就业是民生之本，如何从政策层面有效推动企业就业是值得关注和研究的重要议题。基于2007—2021年A股上市企业的数据，利用多期双重差分法探究公共数据开放政策对企业就业的影响。研究发现：（1）公共数据开放政策的实施能够提升企业就业水平；（2）该政策通过促进企业数字化转型、提升企业创新水平和营运效率来促进就业；（3）金融发展水平越高的地区，这种促进效应越明显；（4）该政策对国有企业、服务业和东部地区的促进作用更明显；（5）公共数据开放对高技能和低技能劳动力产生就业促进作用，抑制中等技能劳动力的就业水平，并扩大了企业内部的薪酬差距。本文的研究为实现稳就业和收入分配公平合理的目标提供了重要参考。

关键词：公共数据开放；数据要素；就业水平；技能结构；薪酬差距

作者简介：郝楠（1983—），女，安徽大学经济学院副教授；张昕怡（2000—），女，安徽大学经济学院硕士研究生，通信作者。

基金项目：安徽省社会科学创新发展研究课题“安徽新就业形态劳动过程与劳动关系协调机制研究”（2022CX052）

引用格式：郝楠,张昕怡.公共数据开放政策的就业效应研究[J].首都经济贸易大学学报,2025,27(4):66-82.

The Employment Effects of Public Data Openness Policy

HAO Nan, ZHANG Xinyi

(Anhui University, Hefei 230601)

Abstract: Employment is one of the core issues in China, and how to effectively promote enterprise employment at the policy level is an important topic worthy of attention. Existing literature on public data openness mainly focuses on qualitative studies such as the analysis of the current situation, impact factors, and evaluation of the effect. However, few studies have utilized the public data openness policy to carry out empirical analyses, indicating that it is in the initial stage. Therefore, this paper regards the local government-led public data platform openness as an external policy shock and uses the multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) method to explore the impact of government data openness on enterprise employment based on the data of A-share listed enterprises from 2007 to 2021.

The findings reveal that the public data openness policy can increase enterprise employment. The mechanism test shows that this policy promotes employment by facilitating the digital transformation of enterprises and improving innovation and operational efficiency of enterprises. Moreover, the higher the level of financial development, the more significant the promotion effect is. The heterogeneity analysis indicates that the employment promotion effect is stronger for state-owned enterprises (SOEs), the service industry, and the eastern region compared to non-SOEs, the manufacturing, and the central and western regions. Further analysis demonstrates that the public data openness policy produces an employment promotion effect on high- and low-skilled labor, suppresses the employment level of middle-skilled labor, and widens the wage gap within enterprises.

Based on the findings, this paper proposes the following policy implications. First, it is necessary to encourage cities to implement open data platforms, thus maximizing the role of data elements in empowering employment. Second, the government needs to pay more attention to the digitalization of enterprises, and must take into account the construction of regional infrastructure, smoothing out the mechanism and channels for public data openness policy to promote enterprise employment. Meanwhile, it should formulate differentiated policies for different enterprises and regions. Finally, the government can strengthen the supervision of the enterprise salary system to ensure the fairness and reasonableness of salary distribution. Additionally, it can open up more education and training data resources to upgrade the skills of workers, so that they can adapt more quickly to the rapidly changing employment environment, thus facilitating the realization of the goals of “stable employment” and fair and reasonable income distribution.

The potential marginal contributions of this paper lie in the following aspects: providing a new perspective on the study of employment-related factors, refining research on the social effects of public data openness policies, elucidating the heterogeneous characteristics of the impact of public data openness policies, and empowering precise policy-making.

Keywords: public data openness; data element; employment level; skill structure; wage gap

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