政府数据开放与企业新质生产力

——来自政府数据公开平台上线的证据

杨仁发，李婷

（安徽大学 经济学院，安徽 合肥 230601）

摘要：新质生产力是推动经济社会高质量发展的关键力量，研究其驱动因素对社会经济发展具有重要意义。基于2011—2022年中国A股上市公司数据，实证检验政府数据开放对企业新质生产力的影响。结果显示，政府数据开放能够推动企业新质生产力水平提升，在一系列稳健性检验后该结论依然成立。异质性分析结果表明，政府数据开放对知识产权保护水平较高和数字经济发展水平较低地区的企业，以及国有企业、非高科技行业企业的新质生产力的促进作用更为明显。机制分析结果表明，政府数据开放主要通过数字创新活力效应、成本效应、创新要素协同效应等方式影响企业的新质生产力。研究结论为政府数据开放对企业新质生产力方面的赋能作用提供理论支撑，为推进数据高质量开放和促进企业新质生产力发展提供重要的微观证据。

关键词：数据要素；数据开放；企业新质生产力；数字经济；高质量发展

作者简介：杨仁发（1977—），男，安徽大学经济学院教授、博士生导师；李婷（2000—），女，安徽大学经济学院硕士研究生，通信作者。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“中国数字经济与制造业深度融合研究”（21FJYB045）；安徽省哲学社会科学规划一般项目“安徽制造业数智化转型升级研究”（AHSKYY2023D065）

引用格式：杨仁发,李婷.政府数据开放与企业新质生产力——来自政府数据公开平台上线的证据[J].首都经济贸易大学学报,2025,27(5):52-66.

Quality Productive Forces of Enterprises

—Evidence from the Launch of the Government Data Disclosure Platform

YANG Renfa, LI Ting

（Anhui University, Hefei 230601）

Abstract: Accelerating the formation of the new quality productive forces is an intrinsic requirement of high-quality development and Chinese modernization. How to leverage data elements to empower new quality productive forces, continuously shape new development momentum, and explore new economic development areas is a key focus for promoting high-quality socio-economic development. Against the backdrop of accelerating high-quality development and digital government construction, exploring the enabling mechanisms of government data openness in facilitating the flow of data elements and fostering the development of new quality productive forces from the perspective of enterprises holds significant theoretical and practical value.

This paper empirically examines the impact of government data openness on the new quality productive forces in enterprises using data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2022. The results indicate that government data openness improves new quality productive forces in enterprises, and this conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that government data openness has a more significant impact on the new quality productive forces in enterprises in cities with high intellectual property protection and low digital economy development, as well as state-owned enterprises and enterprises in non-high-tech industries. Mechanism analysis shows that government data openness primarily influences the new quality productive forces in enterprises through three pathways: the digital innovation vitality effect, the cost effect, and the innovation factor synergy effect.

This paper proposes the following policy implications. First, we should continue to expand the quantity of government data openness in cities. The quality of data directly affects the value created by data openness. Second, we should facilitate the channels through which government data openness influences corporate new quality productive forces, and establish a multi-stakeholder framework for data collection, development, and utilization. Third, we should implement differentiated policy orientations to promote the orderly advancement of government data openness. We should pay attention to the progress of government data openness construction and new quality productive forces development in different regions, and leverage the promotional role of data elements in a manner tailored to local conditions.

The potential marginal contributions of this paper are as follows. First, it focuses on the enterprise level, expanding empirical research on the impact of data elements flow on social productivity. Second, it enriches research on the mechanisms through which data elements empower the new quality productive forces in enterprises. Third, considering regional differences and distinctions in enterprise and industry characteristics, it explores the heterogeneous manifestations of government data openness in promoting the new quality productive forces in enterprises, aiming to provide important references for the development of new quality productive forces and high-quality economic development tailored to local conditions.

Keywords: data element; data openness; new quality productive forces of enterprises; digital economy; high-quality development

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