多元创新政策对新能源企业创新影响的研究

吴华清¹，周心怡¹，孙雅慧¹，罗守贵²

（1. 合肥工业大学 经济学院，安徽 合肥 230009;

2. 上海交通大学 安泰经济与管理学院，上海 200030）

摘要：作为新能源产业的“排头兵”，如何通过创新政策破解资源配置瓶颈并引领新能源企业创新，已成为推动产业升级和实现可持续发展的核心议题。实证研究结果表明，供给侧研发补贴政策和需求侧创新采购政策均可推动上海市新能源企业创新。进一步的分析结果显示，创新政策资源与企业创新资源的匹配与整合将影响政策效果。具体表现为，随着企业内部创新资源丰裕度提升，资源上的同质替代使得研发补贴政策效应下降，而资源上的异质互补增强了创新采购的激励效应。最后，两类政策并未降低企业创新质量，且创新采购政策的多期实施具有创新质量优化效应。创新采购政策对提升开放式创新和中小规模企业创新质量的效果更佳。

关键词：研发补贴；创新采购；资源依赖；新能源企业；企业创新

作者简介：吴华清（1976—），男，合肥工业大学经济学院教授、博士生导师；周心怡（1999—），女，合肥工业大学经济学院硕士研究生；孙雅慧（1995—），女，合肥工业大学经济学院讲师，通信作者；罗守贵（1963—），男，上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院教授、博士生导师。

基金项目：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“数据要素流动赋能颠覆性创新的内在机理与政策保障研究”（24YJC790156）；安徽省自然科学基金青年项目“创新政策协同约束企业策略性创新的效应与机理研究：缓解环境不确定性的视角”（2408085QG219）

引用格式：吴华清,周心怡,孙雅慧,等.多元创新政策对新能源企业创新影响的研究[J].首都经济贸易大学学报,2025,27(5):83-95.

The Impact of Diverse Innovation Policies on Innovation of New Energy Enterprises

WU Huaqing¹, ZHOU Xinyi¹, SUN Yahui¹, LUO Shougui²

（1. Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009;

2. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030）

Abstract: With the deepening of the green development concept, the new energy industry has become increasingly prominent. However, the innovation policies that rely solely on supply-side R&D subsidies are gradually revealing their limitations. How to better leverage the pulling effect of demand-side policies, such as innovation procurement, has become an urgent issue of concern for policymakers and stakeholders. This paper explores the different effects of supply-side R&D subsidies and demand-side innovation procurement policies, and reveals the mechanisms of policy influence from a resource-based perspective, providing theoretical support for building a more effective innovation policy system in China.

Using a sample of new energy enterprises from the Shanghai Science and Technology Survey Data from 2008 to 2017, this paper examines the impact of R&D subsidy policies and innovation procurement policies on firm innovation. The new energy sector, characterized by high technological dependence and innovation intensity, is a key target of various innovation policy instruments. The conclusions remain robust after conducting a series of robustness checks, such as instrumental variable estimation, inclusion of interactive fixed effects, and propensity score matching (PSM).

The empirical findings are as follows. First, both R&D subsidies and innovation procurement significantly promote innovation activities in new energy enterprises. Resource dependence theory suggests that R&D subsidies tend to be homogeneous with firms' internal innovation resources, leading to diminishing policy effects as internal resources become more abundant. In contrast, innovation procurement is heterogeneous and complementary to internal innovation resources, with policy effects increasing alongside greater internal resource availability. Second, further analysis indicates that neither type of policy significantly reduces innovation quality. Compared to R&D subsidies, innovation procurement is more effective in promoting high-quality innovation outputs, as measured by invention patents, and repeated implementation of procurement policies contributes to further improvement in innovation quality. Third, heterogeneity analysis reveals that the incentive effect of R&D subsidies is broadly applicable across firms. Innovation procurement, however, significantly promotes open innovation and the number of invention patent grants among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). For non-open innovation firms and large enterprises, the positive effect of innovation procurement is observed mainly in non-invention patents.

This paper has the following contributions. First, by comparing the effects of supply-side R&D subsidies and demand-side innovation procurement policies, it reveals the differentiated impacts and mechanisms of heterogeneous innovation policies. Second, it highlights how the abundance of internal innovation resources and the degree of alignment between internal and external resources influence the effectiveness of innovation policy instruments, offering new insights from the perspective of resource dependence theory.

Keywords: R&D subsidy; innovation procurement; resource dependency; new energy enterprises; enterprise innovation

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