生产网络中环境保护税法的非对称溢出效应

——基于上下游企业全要素生产率的验证

董君，张继

（内蒙古财经大学 经济学院，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010050）

摘要：《中华人民共和国环境保护税法》（下文简称“环保税法”）的实施是中国绿色税收体系演进的重要节点。基于2013—2022年A股上市公司数据与中国投入产出表，系统检验了环保税法对规制企业全要素生产率（TFP）的影响及其沿生产网络传导的溢出效应。研究结果发现，环保税法提升了规制企业的TFP，并产生非对称溢出效应，该结论经过一系列稳健性检验依旧成立；机制分析结果表明，环保税法倒逼规制企业改进效率与提升创新水平，进而实现TFP增长，其下游溢出效应源于创新溢出与价格倒逼，而上游效应主要由需求收缩引致；异质性分析表明，环保税法的直接效应与溢出效应均主要作用于资本密集型企业和产业链下游企业。研究结论揭示了环保税法的政策效果在生产网络中的传导逻辑，为环境规制的网络化协同治理提供了经验证据。

关键词：生产网络；环保税法；全要素生产率；非对称溢出效应；创新水平

作者简介：董君（1980—），女，内蒙古财经大学经济学院副教授；张继（2000—），男，内蒙古财经大学经济学院硕士研究生。

基金项目：内蒙古财经大学科研基金重点项目“低碳背景下内蒙古算力需求与能源多元供给的协同机制研究”（NCXKY25003）

引用格式：董君,张继.生产网络中环境保护税法的非对称溢出效应——基于上下游企业全要素生产率的验证[J].首都经济贸易大学学报,2025,27(6):82-95.

The Asymmetric Spillover Effects of the Environmental Protection Tax Law in Production Networks

—Validation Based on the Total Factor Productivity of Upstream and Downstream Enterprises

DONG Jun, ZHANG Ji

(Inner Mongolia University Of Finance And Economics, Hohhot 010050)

Abstract: The implementation of China's Environmental Protection Tax Law marks a critical milestone in the evolution of its green tax system and serves as an important institutional guarantee for promoting high-quality economic development. Treating the enactment of the Environmental Protection Tax Law as a quasi-natural experiment, this study utilizes data from A-share listed companies (2013-2022) and China's input-output tables to systematically examine the policy's direct impact on the total factor productivity (TFP) of regulated firms and its spillover effects transmitted through production networks via a difference-in-differences (DID) approach.

The results indicate that the Environmental Protection Tax Law significantly enhances the TFP of regulated firms. Furthermore, it generates asymmetric spillover effects along the production network: positive productivity spillovers to downstream firms and inhibitory effects on upstream firms. These findings remain robust across a series of tests. Mechanism analysis reveals that the Environmental Protection Tax Law primarily boosts TFP of regulated firms by forcing efficiency improvements and stimulating innovation. The positive downstream spillovers are mainly driven by innovation diffusion and price transmission mechanisms, whereas the negative upstream spillovers are largely attributable to demand contraction. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the direct and spillover effects are more pronounced for capital-intensive firms and those in downstream segments of the industrial chain. Although a direct effect is also observed for labor-intensive firms, the magnitude is relatively limited.

This study makes several marginal contributions. First, moving beyond the traditional focus on direct effects in isolation, it unveils the network spillover effects of the Environmental Protection Tax Law on TFP based on production network theory, thereby expanding the research dimension of environmental policy evaluation. Second, it broadens the scope of research on production network spillovers by extending the focus from traditional technology and knowledge spillovers to TFP spillovers induced by environmental regulation, thereby enriching empirical research on the economic effects of environmental regulation from the perspective of vertical production linkages. Finally, by identifying transmission channels through innovation spillovers and supply-demand dynamics, it reveals the mechanisms through which environmental regulation spills over along production networks, providing micro-empirical evidence for optimizing environmental policy design and promoting networked collaborative governance.

Keywords: production networks; Environmental Protection Tax Law; TFP; asymmetric spillover effects; innovation level

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