数字基建、虚拟集聚与共同富裕

张立栋，马晓钰，韩芳芳

（新疆大学 经济与管理学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830046）

摘要：在数字经济赋能高质量发展的新阶段，数字基础设施作为破解城乡、区域发展不平衡问题的关键抓手，其能否成为推动共同富裕的内生动力备受政府部门与学术界关注。以“宽带中国”示范城市政策为准自然实验，深入探讨数字基建对共同富裕的影响及内在机制。基准回归结果显示，该政策提升了示范城市共同富裕水平。虚拟集聚在其中发挥重要的机制作用，同时，要素错配与虚拟集聚之间呈现负向交互效应。异质性分析结果表明，在行政级别高、数字普惠金融发展好、市场一体化程度高的城市，数字基建对共同富裕的促进作用更为明显。在空间效应方面，数字基建政策不仅推动本地共同富裕，还对邻近城市产生正向溢出，但随着距离增加，带动作用逐渐减弱，在距离由150公里~300公里变动时溢出效应转为虹吸效应。基于上述结论，提出如下政策建议：应统筹规划数字基建、破除要素市场壁垒、强化政策协同配合、防范数字经济风险，以优化数字基建布局、激发内生增长动力、缩小数字鸿沟，从而助力共同富裕目标实现。

关键词：数字基建；虚拟集聚；共同富裕；要素错配；空间溢出效应

作者简介：张立栋（2000—），男，新疆大学经济与管理学院博士研究生；马晓钰（1978—），女，新疆大学经济与管理学院教授，博士生导师；韩芳芳（2001—），女，新疆大学经济与管理学院硕士研究生。

引用格式：张立栋,马晓钰,韩芳芳.数字基建、虚拟集聚与共同富裕[J].首都经济贸易大学学报,2025,27(6):3-15.

Digital Infrastructure, Virtual Agglomeration, and Common Prosperity

ZHANG Lidong, MA Xiaoyu, HAN Fangfang

（Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046）

Abstract: In the new stage where the digital economy empowers high-quality development, the imbalance between urban-rural and inter-regional development remains a key obstacle to common prosperity. Whether digital infrastructure, as a core carrier for optimizing resource allocation and breaking development barriers, can serve as an endogenous driver of common prosperity has become a focus of attention among policymakers and academics.

This study constructs a quasi-natural experiment based on the “Broadband China” pilot policy to systematically explore the impact of digital infrastructure on common prosperity and its underlying logic. The results show that this policy significantly promotes common prosperity in pilot cities, which has passed multiple robustness tests. The mechanism analysis shows that virtual agglomeration is the core link through which digital infrastructure empowers common prosperity. The high-speed information exchange and cross-regional factor circulation platform built by digital infrastructure breaks the geographical constraints of traditional industrial agglomeration and promotes the transformation of industries towards virtual agglomeration. This model not only avoids the congestion effects of traditional agglomeration but also strengthens the endogenous driving force of regional economy through the efficient spillover of knowledge. Meanwhile, the capital and labor factor distortion has a significant negative moderating effect on virtual agglomeration: When factor allocation deviates from the optimal state, it exacerbates information asymmetry, thereby weakening the role of virtual agglomeration; whereas the improvement of the factor market can further amplify the economic dividends of virtual agglomeration.

Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the promoting effect of digital infrastructure on common prosperity is more significant in cities with higher administrative levels, well-developed digital inclusive finance, and high market integration. In terms of spatial effects, the “Broadband China” pilot policy not only promotes local common prosperity but also generates positive spillover effects on neighboring cities. However, with the increase in distance, its driving effect gradually weakens. Within the range of 150-300 km, the policy effect shifts from “spillover effect” to “siphon effect”. This phenomenon may be caused by the attenuation of digital infrastructure radiation with distance, as well as the combined effects of inter-regional economic competition and resource siphoning.

The conclusions provide theoretical support for the driving role of digital infrastructure in regional common prosperity, and offer important city-level evidence for optimizing the spatial layout of digital infrastructure and promoting coordinated regional development. Therefore, this paper puts forward suggestions including overall planning of digital infrastructure layout, breaking down barriers in the factor market, strengthening policy coordination, and preventing digital economic risks. These suggestions provide a decision-making basis for optimizing the layout of digital infrastructure, stimulating endogenous growth, and narrowing the digital divide in the new development stage, thereby contributing to the achievement of the goal of common prosperity.

Keywords: digital infrastructure; virtual agglomeration; common prosperity; factor misallocation; spatial spillover effect

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