全国统一大市场背景下市场准入对就业的影响

张恒瑞，吕康银，陈思

（东北师范大学 经济与管理学院，吉林 长春 130017）

摘要：稳定就业对推动经济高质量发展和夯实民生之本具有重要意义。本文以全国统一大市场建设为背景，以市场准入负面清单制度为切入点，基于2011—2020年沪深A股上市公司数据，采用多期双重差分法检验了该制度对企业稳就业的影响及作用机制。研究发现，市场准入负面清单制度能扩大企业员工雇佣规模，起到了稳就业的政策效果。该制度分别通过推动企业数字化转型、提升企业研发投入强度、缓解企业融资约束这三条传导路径来扩大企业员工雇佣规模。异质性分析发现，该制度的效果在东部地区、低技术行业、劳动密集型企业、国有企业中更加突出。本文建议深化全国统一大市场建设，完善市场准入负面清单制度，以实现更均衡、高质量的稳就业目标。

基金项目：教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目“数据要素促进共同富裕的理论机制与实践路径”（24YJAZH103）；吉林省教育厅科学研究项目“基于劳动力市场新变化的大学生就业价值观研究”（JJKH20250243BS）

关键词：市场准入负面清单；员工雇佣规模；稳就业；全国统一大市场

作者简介：张恒瑞，东北师范大学经济与管理学院博士研究生；吕康银，东北师范大学经济与管理学院教授；陈思，东北师范大学经济与管理学院博士研究生。

引用格式：张恒瑞,吕康银,陈思.全国统一大市场背景下市场准入对就业的影响[J].首都经济贸易大学学报,2026,28(1):75-87.

The Impact of Market Access on Employment in the Context of a Unified National Market

ZHANG Hengrui, LV Kangyin, CHEN Si

(Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130017)

Abstract: Stabilizing employment is crucial to high-quality economic development and people's well-being. This study examines the impact of the market access negative list system, implemented since 2016, on the employment scale of enterprises in the context of constructing a unified national market. The study uses the multi-period difference method and analyses data from A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2011 to 2020. The results show that the market access negative list system significantly expands the scale of employee recruitment by enterprises.

The transmission mechanism operates through three channels to promote enterprise digital transformation. First, the market access negative list system encourages enterprises to adopt new technologies and fosters a competitive environment, thereby driving digital transformation and creating new job opportunities. Second, by simplifying market access procedures and reducing transaction costs, the market access negative list system encourages enterprises to increase R&D investment, driving innovation-driven growth and creating more job opportunities, particularly for high-skilled labor. Third, the market access negative list system improves the external financing environment for enterprises, enabling them to invest in expansion and innovation, ultimately promoting employment growth. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the impact of the negative list system for market access varies across regions, industries, and enterprise types, with more significant effects in eastern regions, low-tech industries, labor-intensive enterprises, and state-owned enterprises.

Policy implications of this study are as follows. (1) Deepening market integration. The government should continue to advance the construction of a unified national market, improve the negative list system for market access, and leverage its role in promoting stable employment. (2) Accelerating digital transformation. It should promote collaboration between enterprises, universities, and research institutions to drive technological progress and reduce the costs of digital transformation for businesses. (3) Strengthening financial support. It should improve financial services for enterprises, particularly financing support for R&D, develop inclusive finance, expand financing channels, and alleviate financing constraints for enterprises. (4) Promoting balanced development. It should formulate targeted policies to address regional development disparities, support the development of different types of industries and enterprises, including addressing the upgrading and transformation needs of low-tech industries and labor-intensive enterprises, deepen state-owned enterprise reforms, while creating a fair and open market competition environment for private enterprises.

Keywords: market access negative list system; employee hiring scale; stabilizing employment; unified national market

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