激发经济内生动力的基本内涵、现实约束与实现路径

董志勇，张荣杰

（北京大学 经济学院，北京 100871）

摘要：实现稳增长与防风险是推动经济高质量发展行稳致远的重要保障。随着中国经济发展面临的外部不确定性增强，需要进一步以经济建设为中心，通过持续激发经济内生动力不断夯实高质量发展的基础，发挥经济质的有效提升和量的合理增长在推进中国式现代化中的关键作用。有鉴于此，本文界定了经济内生动力的基本内涵，探讨了当前阶段其面临的主要瓶颈。进一步地，针对激发内生动力在制度、产业、内需和就业方面的现实约束，提出了对应的路径选择。具体而言，从发展阶段和构建新发展格局的客观要求看，激发经济系统的内生动力需要从制度建设、生产力跃升和产业体系现代化、坚持扩大内需、大力提振消费、高质量充分就业等方面协同发力。本文为更好地统筹经济发展和安全两大核心要义，助力经济稳中向好、高质量发展提供了政策启示。

关键词：内生动力；制度建设；新质生产力；扩大内需；稳就业

作者简介：董志勇，北京大学经济学院教授、博士生导师；张荣杰，北京大学经济学院博士后，通信作者。

引用格式：董志勇,张荣杰.激发经济内生动力的基本内涵、现实约束与实现路径[J].首都经济贸易大学学报,2026,28(3):3-14.

Basic Connotations, Realistic Constraints, and Realization Paths for Stimulating the Endogenous Driving Forces of the Economy

DONG Zhiyong, ZHANG Rongjie

（Peking University, Beijing 100871）

Abstract: Achieving stable economic growth and preventing systemic risks are crucial for China's high-quality economic development. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate endogenous driving forces within the economy to promote high-quality development. This study systematically explores the basic connotations, realistic constraints, and realization paths for stimulating endogenous driving forces. Through theoretical analysis, this study identifies four important sources of endogenous driving forces and discusses the key roles of institutional development, the modern industrial system, domestic demand, and stable employment in stimulating these forces.

This study examines the realistic constraints underlying the current insufficiency of endogenous driving forces, including institutional development, industrial support, domestic demand expansion, and stable employment, which constitute fundamental, structural, practical, and feedback constraints, respectively. This study argues that: (1) The lack of systemic integration in institutions, insufficient attention to implementation, and inadequate innovation prevent the full transformation of institutional advantages into governance effectiveness. (2) In the modern industrial system, deficiencies in technological innovation capacity and talent support, high exposure of industrial chain risks, structural contradictions in industrial transformation and upgrading, and spatial incoordination in industrial development undermine the supportive role of the industrial system for economic growth. (3) Domestic demand is constrained by three factors: weak consumer confidence, limited effectiveness of short-term stimulus policies, and the transformation and upgrading of the consumption structure. (4) The transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure, increasing external demand uncertainty, and the impact of new technologies represented by artificial intelligence has intensified the potential risk of large-scale unemployment in China.

Addressing the above major aspects, this study proposes the following policy implications. First, it should improve institutional development by promoting the marktization of production factors, encouraging technological innovation, and ensuring coordination between industrial policies and market competition. Second, it should strengthen the modern industrial system by fostering new quality productive forces, leveraging the role of technological innovation leadership, green transformation, and paradigm renewal of industrial policies in cultivating new quality productive forces and advancing the modernization of the industrial system. Third, it should expand domestic demand, use the digital economy stimulate consumption in a targeted manner, and promote new types of consumption and the transformation and upgrading of the consumption structure to meet diverse consumer needs. Fourth, it should ensure stable employment and improve employment quality through reducing the burden on enterprises, addressing employment mismatches, and mitigating unemployment risks.

Keywords: endogenous driving forces; institutional development; new quality productive forces; expanding domestic demand; stabilizing employment

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