促进更高水平开放，发展新质生产力

——基于制度型开放的分析

龚六堂^1,2

（1. 武汉大学 高级研究中心，湖北 武汉 430072；2. 北京大学 数量经济与数理金融教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871）

摘要：党的二十届三中全会强调，要在全面深化改革的总体进程中推动更高水平对外开放，进而培育和发展新质生产力。党的二十届四中全会进一步指出，要推进深层次改革，扩大高水平开放。近年来，中国在持续缩减外资准入负面清单、加快自由贸易试验区和海南自由贸易港建设、全面实施《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》（RCEP）等方面取得显著进展，为新质生产力的形成提供了制度与市场基础。与此同时，全球政治经济格局深刻调整，保护主义和科技壁垒上升，外部环境的不确定性显著增加，对中国高水平开放提出了新的挑战。本文分析了高水平开放促进新质生产力的机制体制，结合中国制度性开放取得的成就和存在的问题，建议进一步推进高水平开放，发展新质生产力。

关键词：高水平开放；新质生产力；三中全会；四中全会；制度型开放；产业升级

作者简介：龚六堂，武汉大学高级研究中心研究员，北京大学数量经济与数理金融教育部重点实验室教授。

引用格式：龚六堂.促进更高水平开放，发展新质生产力——基于制度型开放的分析[J].首都经济贸易大学学报,2026,28(1):12-21.

New Quality Productive Forces

—An Analysis Based on Institutional Opening-Up

GONG Liutang^1,2

(1. Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072;

2. Peking University, Beijing 100871)

Abstract: The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee emphasized the need to promote higher-level opening-up within the overall process of comprehensively deepening reform, thereby cultivating new quality productive forces. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee further pointed out the need to advance in-depth reforms and expand high-level opening-up.

In recent years, China's opening-up has achieved a historic leap from factor flow-oriented to institution-oriented, with remarkable results: The negative list for foreign investment access has been continuously reduced, achieving zero restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector; the construction of free trade zones and the Hainan Free Trade Port has progressed steadily, generating numerous replicable institutional innovations; and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) has come into full effect, providing an institutional and market foundation for the formation of new quality productive forces. Additionally, the global political and economic landscape is undergoing profound adjustments, protectionism and technological barriers are rising, and the uncertainty of the external environment has increased significantly, posing new challenges to China's high-level opening-up. New quality productive forces are an inherent requirement and important support for promoting high-quality development, and provide a new theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between opening-up and productive forces.

This paper analyzes the mechanisms by which high-level opening-up promotes new quality productive forces. High-level opening-up promotes the growth of new quality productive forces through competition and selection mechanisms, knowledge and technology spillover mechanisms, economies of scale and network externalities mechanisms, data element mechanisms, and institutional dividend mechanisms.

Based on the achievements and existing problems of China's institutional opening-up, this study argues that, against the backdrop of a complex external environment and internal structural imbalances, a systematic approach should be adopted, encompassing rule alignment, institutional innovation, and risk governance. Finally, it offers policy implications for China's high-level opening-up to promote the development of new quality productive forces: Only by deeply integrating opening-up and innovation, continuously cultivating new quality productive forces, and enhancing national competitive advantages can China provide more certainty, stability, and public access to new institutional resources for global development amidst global economic changes.

Keywords: high-level opening-up; new quality productive forces; the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee; the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee； institutional opening-up; industrial upgrading

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